Model 1133A Power Sentinel™
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Digital Signal Analysis
Take a bite out of power problems and lost revenue with the Arbiter Systems®, Inc. Model 1133A Power Sentinel™ multi-function measurement unit. Combining six functions into one compact, 44 mm (1.75 inch) tall unit, the Model 1133A offers unprecedented accuracy, flexibility, and features.
Revenue Metering
With utility deregulation, accurate energy measurement is increasingly important. For the first time, Arbiter Systems®, Inc. combines state-of-the-art measurement techniques, proprietary EnergyDSA™ technology, and the accurate, cost-effective time synchronization of our precision GPS clock products in the Model 1133A Power Sentinel™ multi-function measurement unit. The Model 1133A brings laboratory performance to the substation, delivering unprecedented revenue accuracy of 0.025% under most conditions. Compare this to traditional watt-hour meters which are limited to an accuracy of no better than 0.1% in the lab, with increasing errors as conditions depart from the ideal (see figures).figures).
The Model 1133A measures revenue more accurately than any meter ever before. The difference between 0.025% and 0.1% is surprising. With many transmission lines wheeling thousands of megawatts of power, the difference in accuracy of 0.075% translates to hundreds of thousands of dollars over a year's time. Even at lower power levels, improved accuracy yields significant revenue enhancement.
Power Quality Monitoring
The Model 1133A's features only begin with its outstanding accuracy in energy measurement. Our proprietary EnergyDSA™ digital signal analysis algorithms provide you with more information than ever before. You can measure harmonics and K-factor, flicker, interruptions, and log data by time interval, or record out-of-limit events with time of occurrence. You can set limits on any quantity. Also, an alarm contact may be activated, or a dial-up modem call initiated.
System Control and Monitoring
The Model 1133A measures system (absolute) phase angle, system frequency deviation, and system time deviation. See the white paper Absolute Phase[PDF~26.1 kB] Phasor measurement data in accordance with IEEE Standard 1344, at a rate of 20/second, is standard. This data allows for sophisticated, real-time monitoring and control of stability and power flow is now practical. These measurements are made possible with the Model 1133A's internal GPS synchronization.
Synchronization
A built-in Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receiver synchronizes your Model 1133A within 1 µs of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which may also be converted to your local time. With synchronization, revenue data can be accumulated in time slots as short as one minute. Other substation equipment, such as digital fault recorders, solid-state relays, remote terminal units, and programmable logic controllers, may be synchronized with the standard IRIG-B unmodulated timecode output. This output has sufficient power to drive numerous loads, for example, 40 Schweitzer™ SEL-321 relays.
Data and Event Logging
Sixteen megabytes of flash memory are provided standard, upgradable to 32 MB. This non-volatile memory can record revenue data, power quality, internally-detected faults, alarms, events, and external events. Four optically-isolated event inputs may be used to monitor external events.
Technology
Arbiter Systems' many years of experience making accurate measurements of ac signals and providing state-of-the-art timing equipment lies at the heart of the Model 1133A Power Sentinel™ revolutionary performance. For example, built-in, real-time autocalibration eliminates many sources of error which would otherwise degrade accuracy. This process measures the output of an internal calibration source, time-multiplexed along with the input signals. A complete set of calibration measurements is executed once each second. By passing the calibration signal through the same measurement circuits as the input signals, drift in component values, temperature sensitivities, and many other errors are completely removed.
This design approach minimizes the number of components that can affect accuracy. Therefore, we can afford to use the best available components in those critical applications. Accuracy is (in a simplified fashion) the sum of the imperfections of all of the components that can degrade performance; therefore, by using a small number of highly-accurate parts, accuracy is maximized. This is a simple idea, but implementing it properly requires years of experience.See the white paper What is Accuracy? [HTML or PDF~46.0 kB].
Of course, all of the accuracy in the world means nothing if the resulting signal cannot be processed with equal or better performance. Our proprietary EnergyDSA™ Digital Signal Analysis, an optimized version of the PowerDSA™ analysis developed over the last decade and in use in our Model 931A Power System Analyzer for several years, delivers this performance. We have optimized EnergyDSA™ analysis for the specific requirements of revenue metering and on-line power analysis: speed, accuracy and low cost. Our EnergyDSA™ algorithms measure signals with accuracies characterized not in percent, but in parts per million.
Model 1133A Specifications
Input:
- Configuration:
- 3Ø 3-element, 2½-element, 2-element, selectable
- 1Ø 2-element, 1½-element, and 1-element, selectable
- Voltage:
- Range (3Ø/1Ø) 0 to 69, 120, 240, or 480 Vrms, selectable (phase-to-phase for 2 element; phase-to-neutral for 2½ and 3 element)
- Overrange 88, 175, 350 or 700 Vrms, nominal
- Current:
- Range (3Ø/1Ø) 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 Arms, selectable, per element
- Overrange 2.9, 5.9, 11.7, or 23.5 Arms, nominal (maximum continuous input current: 20 Arms per element)
- VA, W, VAR:
- Range Product of rated voltage and current ranges and number of elements (2½ (3Ø) and 1½ (1Ø) element, use 3 and 1, respectively)
- Compensation:
- CT and PT Both magnitude and phase compensation, CT with 12 point nonlinear interpolation
- Transformer Both iron and copper compensation
- Frequency:
- Range 45 to 65 Hz, for specified accuracy
- Harmonics To 3 kHz
- Inputs:
- Connections Removable screw-clamp terminal block, accepting 0.2 to 4 mm2 (AWG 24 to 10) solid or stranded conductors
- Insulation 400 volts, nominal, to neutral/chassis, surge voltage class III
600 volts, nominal, to neutral/chassis, surge voltage class II - Contact factory for more detailed information
Interface:
- Operator:
- Status LEDs Operate (green), Time Set (green), Alarm (red), Fault (red)
- Display 2 x 20 character LCD display
- Keyboard 8 key for status and setup
- Communications:
- Serial Port 1 RJ-11 modular connector
RS-232 (1133opt10)
RS-422/485 half-duplex (1133opt11)
Modem (V.34bis, 33.6k) (1133opt12) - Serial Port 2 RJ-11 modular connector
RS-232 (1133opt20)
RS-422/485 half-duplex (1133opt21)
Modem (V.34bis, 33.6k) (1133opt22) - Ethernet One RJ-45 modular connector
10Base-T per IEEE 802.3i
- Protocols:
- Proprietary PowerSentinelCSV (PSCSV)
- Standard DNP3.0, MODBUS, PQ-DIF
- Programmable Contact Outputs:
- Type and Number Form C (SPDT), four (4) sets
- Connections Pluggable 12-pole 5 mm terminal strip, with four, 3-pole mating connectors included
- Rating 250 Vac/125 Vdc, 8 A maximum, 2000 VA/150 W maximum
- Isolation 4000 Vrms for 1 minute to chassis
Optional KYZ (solid state) contact isolation: 3750 Vrms Input/Output - Functions, Selectable Programmable Load Control, with preset times or via system interface
Fault Fail-safe (faulted with power off)
Alarm Fail-safe
Out-of-Lock Fail-safe
One Pulse per Hour; contacts closed for one minute at top of hour
Optional KYZ contacts
Other Functions, as required
- Event Inputs:
- Type and Number Four, optically-isolated 24 to 240 Vdc (may be configured for 5 volt logic level)
- Connections Pluggable 8-pole 5 mm terminal strip, with four, 2 pole mating connectors
- Isolation 4000 Vrms for 1 minute to chassis
- Resolution 1 µs
Flash Memory Data Storage:
- Capacity 16 megabytes standard (32 MB optional); number of records stored depends on data items selected. See Operation Manual for record length and capacity calculations
- Data Selectable from all functions measured and totalized by the Model 1133A; each record is stored with a time tag
- Data Retention Indefinite; no power or battery is required to retain data
- Storage Rate Selectable; default is 15 minutes. Other intervals as short as one minute may be selected. Event data stored upon occurrence.
- Lifetime 100,000 storage cycles minimum
Accuracy Specifications:
- Note: Accuracy specifications include all sources of uncertainty. Except as noted, specifications apply for the full operating range, including temperature (-10° to +50° C), line voltage, input range including specified overrange, power factor, input frequency, and drifts over a one-year calibration interval. Specifications assume synchronization to GPS and operation in 3-element mode or in a well-balanced system where imbalance does not degrade accuracy.
- Accuracy:
- Watts, Wh 0.025% of reading, 10% of range or greater and PF > 0.2
0.005% of VA for PF < 0.2 - Underrange 0.0025% of range, below 10% of range
- VA, VAh Same as W, Wh except no PF effect
- VAR, VARh Same as W, Wh except replace PF with (1 - PF2)0.5
- Vrms 0.02% of reading or 0.002% range, whichever is greater
- Arms 0.03% of reading or 0.003% range, whichever is greater
- V2h 0.04% of reading or 0.004% range, whichever is greater
- A2h 0.06% of reading or 0.006% range, whichever is greater
- Phase Angle, Ø 0.01°, phase-to-phase or voltage-to-current, 10% of range minimum
- Power Factor 0.0002 · sin (Ø), 10% of range minimum
- Harmonics 0.05% THD or 5% of reading, whichever is greater
- Frequency < 1 ppm (0.0001%) of reading, 50 or 60 Hz nominal, plus timebase error
- System Phase 0.03° plus [timebase error · 360° · frequency]
- System Time 1 µs plus timebase error
- Event Inputs ±10 µs (typical)
Power Quality:
- Harmonics Measurement:
- Standard Per IEC 6000-4-7, 100 ms overlapping data window
- Measurements THD, K-factor, rms harmonic current and voltage, rms harmonic current and voltage with K-factor compensation (each harmonic magnitude is multiplied by the square of the harmonic number before summing), individual magnitude and phase
- Logged Data Selectable, may be regularly logged or registered; or event-logged when user-specified limits are exceeded
- Interruptions:
- Logged Data Selectable, may be regularly logged or registered; or event-logged when user-specified limits are exceeded
- Flicker:
- Standard Per IEC 61000-4-15, Pst and Instantaneous
- Logged Data Selectable, may be regularly logged or registered; or event-logged when user-specified limits are exceeded
- Limit Alarms:
- Functions Upper or lower limits may be set on most measured functions. Limits may also be set on maximum imbalance
- Output Via system interface and display or contact closure
System Control and Monitoring:
- System Time, Phase and Frequency:
- System Time Unlimited accumulation with ±1 µs resolution
- Frequency 7 digits, xx.xxxxx Hz
- System Phase 0 to 360° with 0.01° resolution
- Effect of DC & Harmonics None; Rejected by narrowband digital filtering
- Phasors:
- Standard Per IEEE Standard 1344 or PSCSV
- Rate 20 measurements/second
Synchronization:
- General:
- Tracking GPS-L1 (1575.42 MHz); 8 channel (tracks up to 8 satellites)
- Acquisition 2 minutes typical
- Accuracy UTC-USNO ±1 µs (only need 1 satellite with correct position)
- Out-of-Lock Via system interface and status
- Indication Display; optionally via contact closure
- Antenna Characteristics:
- Mounting 0.75 inch NPT pipe thread (1 inch - 14 marine type) mount
- Dimensions 77.5 dia. x 66.2 mm (3.05 x 2.61 inch)
- Weight 170g (6.0 oz.)
- Connections F-type
- Cable 15 m (50 ft) included; longer cables optionally available
- Synchronization Output:
- Type One; IRIG-B000 or IRIG-B003 per IEEE Std. 1344 (unmodulated or level-shift); 200 mA peak; pluggable 5 mm terminal strip with mating connector, two-pole
- Timebase Error:
- GPS locked Less than 1 µs, when locked to at least one satellite with correct position
- Unlocked 10 ppm, typical, after being locked for 10 minutes minimum (< 1 second/day unlocked, typical)
Certifications and Approvals:
- Compliance to IEC-687 International Standard for Alternating Current Static Watthour Meter for Active Energy
- Compliance to IEEE C37.118 Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems
- Certificate of Conformance to NIST
- CE mark/label and certificate
Power Requirements:
- Voltage 85 to 264 Vac, 47 to 63 Hz or 120 to 275 Vdc, 5 VA typical
- Input Terminal strip with fuse; surge withstand per ANSI C37-90.1 and IEC801-4 standard
General:
- Physical:
- Size 1 RU (430 mm W x 44 mm H) rack mount or tabletop; 260 mm deep FMS. Rack mounts included.
508 x 381 x 203 mm (20 x 15 x 8 in.), shipping - Weight 2 kg (4.5 lbs), net
5.5 kg (12 lbs), shipping
- Environment:
- Temperature, Operating Standard: -10° to +50° C
- Temperature, Nonoperating -40° to +85° C
- Humidity Noncondensing
Ordering Information:
- Power Sentinel™ Multi-Function Measurement Unit:
- (Order Number: Description)
- 1133A (LEDs, display and keyboard)
I/O Options:
| Order Number: | Description |
|---|---|
| 1133opt07: | IRIG-B input: Replaces GPS receiver |
I/O - Port 1:
| Order Number: | Description |
|---|---|
| 1133opt10: | RS-232 |
| 1133opt11: | RS-422/485 half-duplex |
| 1133opt12: | Modem (V.34bis, 33.6k) |
I/O - Port 2:
| Order Number: | Description |
|---|---|
| 1133opt20: | RS-232 |
| 1133opt21: | RS-422/485 half-duplex |
| 1133opt22: | Modem (V.34bis, 33.6k) |
Power:
| Order Number: | Description |
|---|---|
| 1133opt03: | Terminal Power Strip, Surge Withstand, 85 to 264 VAc, 110 to 275 Vdc |
| 1133opt04: | Terminal Power Strip, Surge Withstand, 10 to 60 Vdc |
General:
| Order Number: | Description |
|---|---|
| 1133opt01: | 16 MB memory |
| 1133opt02: | Upgrade to 32 MB memory |
| 1133opt05: | Mechanical output relays |
| 1133opt06: | Solid-State output relays (KYZ) |
Accessories:
Included:
| Order Number: | Description |
|---|---|
| AS0028200: | Rack Mount Kit |
| AS0058400: | 1133A Operation Manual |
| AS0076200: | GPS Antenna, pipe mountable |
| CA0021315: | 15 m (50 ft) RG-6 Antenna Cable |
| CN0019202: | Mating Connectors, 5 mm 2-pole(5 each) |
| CN0019303: | Mating Connectors, 5 mm 3-pole(4 each) |
| CN0030004: | Mating Connector, Voltage Input |
| CN0030006: | Mating Connector, Current Input |
Available:
| Order Number: | Description |
|---|---|
| AS0044600: | GPS Antenna Mounting Bracket |
| AS0044700: | 21 dB Pre-Amp, In Line - For use with cable lengths greater than 75 m (250 ft) |
| AS0044800: | RG-11 Crimp Tool + 25 F-type Connectors |
| AS0048900: | Antenna Grounding Block Kit |
| AS0049000: | GPS Surge Protector Kit |
| AS0062000: | High Interference GPS Antenna and Mounting Adapter Kit |
| CA0021315: | 15 m (50 ft) RG-6 Antenna Cable |
| CA0021330: | 30 m (100 ft) RG-6 Antenna Cable |
| CA0021345: | 45 m (150 ft) RG-6 Antenna Cable |
| CA0021360: | 60 m (200 ft) RG-6 Antenna Cable |
| CA0021375: | 75 m (250 ft) RG-6 Antenna Cable |
| TF0006400: | RG-6 Crimp Tool |
| WC0004900: | 300 m (1000 ft) Roll RG-11 Cable |
See GPS Satellite-Controlled Clocks for detailed description of available accessories.